Comparison of a national sample of homicides committed by lone and multiple perpetrators Essay

Homicides have been one of the crimes that are often committed in England and Wales. However, despite the great number of cases reported, there has been very minimal or limited research that could help establish the relationship between multiple-perpetrators of homicides the rates of homicides committed (Roscoe, et al., 2012). Furthermore, there is a lack of extensive research to help establish the effects of psychiatric differences that may contribute to the number of homicides. Research has indicated that there are many young people who are involved in homicides as well as those who have been convicted multiple times. Race also has been noted as one of the distinctive aspects of many cases of homicide. Previous research has indicated that most of the multiple perpetrators of homicide are likely to be young (Roscoe et al., 2012). Furthermore, they have come from minority ethnic groups and often are not married. Over the years, there has been a rise in the number of homicides reported across England and Wales. The purpose of this research was primarily to help provide sufficient information regarding homicides in England and Wales. Furthermore, the research was aimed at helping to identify the relationship that exists between multiple perpetrators of violence and homicide rates in the two regions. Another purpose of this research was to help identify the relationship between age and the number of homicides that are committed in England and Wales (Roscoe et al., 2012). The authors of this research also aimed to provide much-needed information on homicides and multiple perpetrators of violence because there has been limited or minimal research conducted that can be relied upon to make conclusions. The method of research involved the use of secondary data collected from various government databases on people who had been convicted for committing homicide. The researchers obtained records on the social and clinical histories of the participants, together with records of previous offenses (Roscoe et al., 2012). The researchers used questionnaires to collect data on participants who had mental health histories. Mental health teams and clinicians who had supervised the convicted persons completed questionnaires to help establish the mental health histories of the convicts. The questionnaires sought information regarding the characteristics of the offenders, the care provided, and their forensic and clinical histories (Roscoe et al., 2012). The researchers presented findings in the form of graphs and tables to help enhance understanding of the data and information. The conclusion of this research indicated that there is a difference between lone and multiple perpetrators of homicide. This research also concluded that young people are commonly involved in homicide cases with multiple perpetrators (Roscoe et al., 2012). Gang members have been seen to be less involved in homicides as a result of being identified by police and the courts (Roscoe et al., 2012). Therefore, it is important that young people be provided with services that are supportive to help reduce the possibility of their involvement in homicide cases (Roscoe et al., 2012). Reference Roscoe, A., Rahman, M. S., Mehta, H., While, D., Appleby, L., & Shaw, J. (2012). Comparison of a national sample of homicides committed by lone and multiple perpetrators. Journal Of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 23(4), 510-521. doi:10.1080/14789949.2012.704639 Source document

Wall switches and light fixtures in a building

The wall switches come in various shapes and designs, but they generally consist of a metal conducting plate and Insulating plates to cover It. wall switches are constructed of metal faceplates that is to be made out of ferrous metals not less than 0. 76 mm in thickness or non ferrous metals not less than 1. 2 mm In thickness, and the insulating tace plates are made out ot an insulating non combustible material not less than 2. 54 mm in thickness (NFPA 2011 The light fixtures of the place usually etermines the location of the switch to help get the most efficient lighting for the place. For residential places, all the rooms light fixtures must be on a 15-amp circuit. A wall switch has to be placed near every room entry door and a receptacle has to be found every 12 feet to help operate non permanent light fixtures that cannot be operated by a switch.Closets shall have one globe covered fixture operated by a wall switch. Bathrooms require special moisture resistant light fixtures due to its damp environment also the fixtures should be covered with lenses or globes and one 20- mp circuit for bathroom outlets only (thiele, 2010). In the presence of a laundry room, the washer and dryer should have their individual 20 circuit and in case of electric dryer an Independent 240-volt circuit shall be used.The kitchen Is commonly the place with the highest number of appliances all over the home. thus it requires Its own 15-amp circuit for the lighting. Stairways needs proper lighting fixtures, a switch, mostly three-way switch, Is to be placed at the top and bottom of the stair and at every turn if necessary Hallways requires three-way switches at the two ends of the ay and four-way switches near every door throughout the hallway, hallways over 10 feet long requires a mlnlmum ot one outlet for general purposes (NFPA, 2011).Basements and garages is recommended to have three-way switches between doors and a minimum of 1 outlet is required. Outdoor lighting fixtures of a bui lding have to be protected trom weather tactors and any other exterior tactors by sealing the wires and having underground cables. Outdoor lighting shall has to be highly effcient and controlled by a switch In addition to a sensor to turn off the lights during daytime for energy saving purposes

International Legal and Ethical Issues in Business

In this paper I will discuss environmental regulations and labor laws in place in Thailand and Singapore. This paper will show that while Singapore seems to have stricter environmental regulations in place in it’s country, the labor laws in Thailand seems to protect its citizens better with better work hour regulations and wage requirements. Singapore’s labor laws can stand to be revisited so as to keep the working citizens safe from greedy business owners. What are Thailand and Singapore’s environmental regulation levels? Thailand’s government has been known to keep loose environmental standards for investors. Many foreign investors have been used to Thailand’s loose environmental regulation, however, the country’s government is now struggling to deal with tough new environmental regulations. An upheaval from residents in some of the more industrial areas of Thailand has set in motion a movement to toughen environmental regulations, which has many companies like Ford thinking of relocating some of its manufacturing plants. Singapore, however, has very strict environmental regulations in place, with an extension of liability even reaching to directors and officers of the companies that operate in Singapore. The government in Singapore has passed strict laws to ensure that corporations operating in the country do not compromise the health of their people. Violators of the environmental regulations in Singapore may even face mandatory jail time if found guilty of participating in activities that are deemed harmful to the environment and the people living in the area. What kind of legislation has been passed in the country regarding working hours and wages? The Department of Labor in Thailand enforces labor laws in the country. Currently, Thailand has some pretty good labor laws in place to protect it’s citizens. The most hours a person can work per day in Thailand is 8 hours per day or 48 hours per week. If the job is deemed hazardous, the workday is considered complete after 7 hours, or 42 hours per week. Employees must be paid overtime pay at a rate of 1. 5 to three times the normal hourly rate when the maximum amount of hours has been surpassed. The minimum daily wage rate varies, depending on location. Some provincial areas can pay a daily rate of 137 baht, or $3. 43 U. S. dollars, whereas the daily rate can be 175 baht or $4. 38 U. S. dollars in Bangkok. Office and management staff working full-time hours can earn about 15,000 baht (US $375) to 150,000 baht (US $3,750) per month, depending on the level of management and experience. Singapore does not have any regulations in place with regard to a minimum wage for it’s workers. The Employment Act in Singapore only stipulates that workers be paid timely, which is translated to mean at least once a month. Workers who make less than 2,000 SGD per month may not be required to work more than eight hours a day or 44 hours per week. Employees working in management positions or higher may be permitted to work longer hours, depending on what terms are outlined in their contract. Do you think the country's environmental regulation is sufficient? Explain. It seems Singapore has sufficient environmental regulations in place, what with punishments which include jail time for those found guilty of infraction of the regulations. However, I feel that Thailand still has a long way to go in establishing effective environmental regulations. The people of Thailand are still fighting to get proper regs in place to keep their environment and their people safe and healthy. It seems that Thailand is reluctantly coming around, however, the threat of losing many of its foreign investors because of new environmental regulations might hinder any real progress. Do you feel that the country's hour and wage legislation is ethical? Explain. Thailand’s hour and wage regulations are adequate; however, Singapore’s hour and wage regulation still leave way too much room for employees to be taken advantage of by their employers. The fact there is no national minimum wage requirement leaves too much room for employers to underpay their employees. There is also no regulation in place to limit the amount of hours per day an employee can work. There is also no regulation for overtime pay. The lack of regulation in place to determine how many hours per day or week a person can work before overtime pay is required leaves the employees at the mercy of their employers. References http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704182004575056421383885014.html http://www.business-in-asia.com/thai_labor_law.htm http://www.ehow.com/list_5989991_labor-laws-singapore.html

Analysis of the Firm and Competitive Advantage Essay

Analysis of the Firm and Competitive Advantage - Essay Example It is a series of activities (i.e. a production process) that constitutes a chain creating and building value. The summation of these generated values is called the total value performed by an organization ("Value Chain Analysis"). It is "full range of activities that are required to bring a product from its conception to its end use and beyond" (qtd. in "Basic Concepts"). A value chain is divided into two parts: primary activities and support activities. The former is a collection of essential activities (e.g. inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, service) that builds up the actual production process of a product, while the latter activities (e.g. procurement, technology development, human resources management, and firm infrastructure) bolsters the former, ensuring its effectiveness and productivity ("Value Chain Analysis"). The performers of these activities may be found in a single firm or in various firms in different countries. Global value chains is an internationalization of the production process wherein different countries act as participants in the various stages of production of a particular good. Under this operational system, quality and efficiency of production is optimized since the site of a specific stage of production is in a place where it is done in the most efficient and most economical way ("Global Value Chains"). The modern day textile industry is among those that heavily rely on the global value chain to subsist. With the proliferation of branded and designer clothes, the clothing industry has become a sought-after commodity that requires the specialization of different countries to produce a quality product that satisfies the discriminating preferences of its consumers. Belonging to the buyer-driven type of global value chain, "those wherein large retailers, marketers, and branded manufacturers play pivotal roles in setting up decentralized production networks in various exporting countries." (qtd. in Gereffi and Memedovic 5); the developing countries, which mainly constitutes the exporting countries under this set-up, have a great opportunity in participating in the global business scene. One of the countries that maximize its competency in textile global value chains is China. Endowed with lush flora used as raw materials for producing cloth and populated by hundreds of millions of workforce that receives one of the lowest wage rates in the world, China has definitely an edge in producing textiles and apparels. Statistics have proven that they are indeed the world's top apparel exporter, producing $39.2b worth of apparel in the year 2000, which comprises 14.5% of all her export items. With all these advantages in their favor, Chinese textile firms really have competitive advantage over American companies (Gereffi and Memedovic 29). The Esquel Group, one of China's leading producers of premium cotton shirts, exhibits this competitiveness as against US firms. Though cotton is also grown on American soil, efficiency and economy propels the success of Chinese firms, particularly of Esquel Group. The Esquel Group's Global Value Chain The Esquel Group manufactures clothing for well-known and highly esteemed global brands such as Tommy Hilfiger, Hugo Boss, Brooks Brothers, Abercrombie and Fitch, Nike, Land's End, and Muji. They also supply

Competitive Analysis & Marketing Strategy for Dells Computer Essay

Competitive Analysis & Marketing Strategy for Dells Computer - Essay Example Studies carried out during that period indicated that Dell Company shipped less computer units in the whole world than Hewlett-Packard (Holzner, 2005). Conversely, recently, Apple Macs are more used in colleges than Dell computers. Dell has a competitive advantage over its rivals. The company’s mission is hugely focused on its clients. Its initiatives include promoting world growth, establishing a culture of winning, increasing the experience of clients, and attaining leadership of products. When the company sells the PCs to the clients directly, it understands the needs of clients and gives efficient computing answers to meet clients’ necessities. This perspective is advantageous to Dell because it permits the company to design effective systems for clients and at adequate costs. Moreover, the direct sales do away with middle men or retailers who add excessive cost and time. Also, Dell’s computers are customized and targeted to the needs of the clients. The company also provides projectors, network servers, work stations, and printers (Holzner, 2005). Dell’s position in the market place is that of convenience to the clients. Dell Company is a varied information technology provider which partners with other companies to provide a large variety of global services and products. Dell Company is committed to giving its clients well built and designed systems, and also ensuring that they are innovative so as to give clients a value that is outstanding (Mueller, 2002). For over 20 years, Dell Company has been linked with developing, customizing and designing services and products that satisfy a broad range of clients including individual clients to retailing and corporate businesses. Dell’s philosophy to directly engage customers has turned into a business model for other corporations and organizations (Dell &Â  Fredman, 2006). The manufacturing processes should be

Boutique Hotels Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Boutique Hotels - Literature review Example This has also led to growth of hotels in almost every tourist destination around the world. The recent financial meltdown took a sever toll on the profitability and revenue margins of the hotel industry particularly in UK which whose economy took a major beating after the economic recession. However a recent report published by Price water house Coopers presents a comeback for the hotel industry in UK. The report states a growth rate projection of 7.8 percent in 2011 for London however the other provinces would have a lower growth rate which is pegged at approximately 3.1 percent in 2011. The report also forecasts a moderate growth with regards to room rates in the provinces (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2010, p.2). The present study would contrite its focus on the boutique hotels in Brighton, UK. The study would try to analyse the marketing perspective of the boutique hotels which would include an analysis of the segmentation and positioning strategies adopted by these hotels. In this co ntext a primary and a secondary study would be carried out. The primary study would comprise of a questionnaire survey which would be conducted in two parts. The first section would cover the managerial aspects of these hotels while the second survey would be aimed at finding out the positioning of the boutique hotels in the minds of the consumers. The secondary study would encompass an analysis of the existing literature on the topic of study. This would include an analysis of the various marketing concepts which would be linked with the practical aspects of the industry. Finally a set of plausible recommendations would be framed on the basis of the analysis of primary and secondary data which could be used by the concerned organizations to create greater value for the organization in the long run. Research Objectives (can put my aim and objective) The main objectives of the research study would be to analyze the different aspects of marketing associated with the boutique hotels. T his would include an analysis of the segmentation, targeting positioning as well as the elements of the marketing mix. The study would also include a discussion on the perception of the managers as well as the general consumers with regards to the concept of boutique hotels. These would be carried out by using a combination of primary and secondary research. The primary research would be based a questionnaire survey and the secondary data in the form of an analysis of the existing literature would be used to analyse and prepare a set of plausible recommendations and conclusions so as to sustain the business of boutique hotels in the long run. Literature Review Market Overview of Boutique Hotels Boutique hotels have evolved as one of the major participants of the tourism

Unit 9 BD Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 9 BD - Research Paper Example This can be seen in the case of rock and roll, which created the rock culture that is now part of daily life, where the people identify and relate well with the creation of a new phenomenon. The phenomenon breaks away from the monotony of conventional means; thus critical acclaim in reception (Simpsonspop, n.d). Another way in which something can become part of the cultural myth known to man is through the application of ten parts that are found to be appealing and leaving out all the rest. The appealing parts are applied in order to spice life up to the desired level of the adoptee since it assists in elimination of routine trends. This can be seen in the case of music, where the Christian church has integrated popular culture to appeal to the youth through music (Guenard, 2012). In conclusion, popular culture can become part of daily trends in life through integration and filtration through many ways. These assist in getting new aspects, unseen before, into life and culture for purposes known best to the

Roman Aristotle in Philosophia Togata Research Paper

Roman Aristotle in Philosophia Togata - Research Paper Example Barnes is of the view that he was not only a genius beyond all measure but a considerate soul, fervently devoted to his friends and passionately interested in the enhancement of human knowledge in all its forms (8). Consequently, all remarkable universities, research and knowledge centers, and libraries of Asian, European and African countries keep the intellectual works of this brilliant personality as the most influential ancient treaties in order to take advantage of the outstanding wisdom and exceptional foresight attributed to this distinguished philosopher. Although there are no exact records of the births and deaths of ancient personalities, yet Aristotle’s notes transferred to his sculpture demonstrate that he was born in 384 B.C. in Stagira, a little city of Chalcidice peninsula. Keltz is of the opinion that the record and description about Aristotle’s birth year are sought from the Roman copy of an original Greek sculpture made by the famous court sculptor of the era called Lysippos (c. 330 BC). Consequently, he is rightly viewed as the contemporary of Demosthenes (13). Aristotle’s biographical records also declare Aristotle as the member of an educated and respected Macedonia family, as his father Nicomachus had been serving as the personal physician of the Macedonian King Amyntas, the grandfather of distinguished world-conqueror and king Alexander the Great, which manifestly reveals that Aristotle’s ancestors were highly qualified and reputable citizens of their times, though no one could reach the height of fame and popularity Aristotle has been blessed with both intellectually and financially. Aristotle received his early education under the supervision of his illustrious mentor Plato, as he was sent to Athens to seek knowledge and wisdom at Plato’s Academy by 367 BC. Thus, Aristotle’s uncle, who was his patron and guardian as well after the demise of Aristotle’s father when the child was very young , paid due heed to the upbringing and socialization of the budding genius (Thomas & Thomas, 22). He spent nearly two decades at Academy and went through all the patterns of coaching introduced and applied by Plato for training and educating his pupils. Although he used to differ to Plato’s viewpoints frequently, the brilliant Aristotle was one of the most favorite students of Plato, and was expected to take the place of his mentor after the latter death; somehow, conspiracies and intrigues prevailing at the Academy did not allow him to win the position of the Academy President. Since the Academy’s trustees looked for controlling the affairs of the educational set up through a native Athenian, Aristotle had no other option than leaving Athens forever by 346 BC for better career and research prospects. It was the time when his close associate Hermias had been appointed the Lord of Asia Minor; he sought Aristotle’s services in order to seek guidelines from his phil osophical thoughtfulness in order to administer the political and social affairs in the light of intellectual wisdom and foresight (Taylor, 1955). Aristotle rendered his valuable services at the court but had to leave the area in the wake of Hermias’s murder at the hands of the Persian forces.  

Does Marx's Account of Alienation Condemn Free Market Economies Essay

Does Marx's Account of Alienation Condemn Free Market Economies - Essay Example Being a great torch-bearer of justice and egalitarianism, he looks for identical distribution of wealth, resources and opportunities for the individuals belonging to divergent ethno-racial groups, communities and socioeconomic statuses of social establishment. Consequently, he appears to be determined to launch a crusade against the existing injustices for the individual and collective wellbeing of humanity without any discrimination on the foundations of caste, class, community, region, religion and gender. It is therefore his entire work revolves round the condemnation of capitalistic (or free market) economic system, which maintains unabated perils of exploitation of the proletariat or haves-not at the hands of bourgeoisie or haves in its horrible fold. Marx’s famous theory of alienation is viewed to be the profound critique of free market economy, which would not allow the workers any share in the surplus value of the organisation in which they are rendering their services . Since free market economy, Moseley observes, does not admit the very reality that surplus-value is produced by the surplus labour of workers, thus workers become prey to exploitation in capitalism (2001: 2). In addition, Marxism vehemently criticises such a political scheme that looks for projecting and promoting the exploitative economic system (i.e. capitalism) through the statutes of law had been in vogue in major part of his contemporary industrial states of Europe. Marx believes, Zimmerman observes, that laws are the product of class oppression, which would have to get eliminated or revised as long as communism replaces the free market system ultimately (2009: 96). One of the most imperative reasons behind Marxism’s repudiation to give way to free market economy includes its being beneficial for only the rich stratum of society. Capitalistic economic system is exclusively advantageous for the producers, mill owners and elite stratum; for it bestows worthwhile privilege s upon the elite by letting them take the lion’s share in the profit of an industrial unit on the basis of the investment they have made. The free market, Sayers notes, operates as an alien system with a life of its own. It is an uncontrollable and inherently unstable mechanism. It leads to periodic crises in which huge numbers of people are thrown out of work and useful means of production are wantonly destroyed (2008:1-2). On the other hand, the workers obtain very little amount of money as remuneration against their hard toil they make from dawn to dusk in the industrial units. In other words, free market economy deprives the workers of their right and share in the surplus profit the organisation has earned. Since the workers are not in a position to obtain anything sufficient to keep the wolf from the door, it results into the decline of their interest in work and work place as well. As a result, the gulf between the rich and the poor starts expanding, which touches the d angerous end subsequently. The clash of interests between the producers and workers turns out to be challenging for the very peace and harmony of society in general. As a result, conflict arises between different strata of society, during the course of which the workers are in a position to snatch their right from the possession of the upper stratum by establishing socialistic political and economic system in society. The division between classes, Rummel observes, starts widening, and the condition of the exploited worker deteriorates so adversely that entire social structure collapses.

Individual Assignment Current Events in Business Essay Example for Free

Individual Assignment Current Events in Business Essay Write a 300-word summary of the business research process by describingthe business research process from your experience in the workplace or in an article you find through the University Library. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. You can meet lots of people by taking advantage of orientation social events. Heading off to a college where you know no one can be a daunting and isolating experience. By participating in social activities right away, you will be able to meet others who are in the same boat and looking to make friends.

The Development Of Fundamental Movement Skills

The Development Of Fundamental Movement Skills The Development on Fundamental Movement Skills (FMS) during childhood is important for the development of that child as well as them being successful in sport, so they can learn other life skills. (Okely Booth 2004) To understand when Children should start to learn FMS is to understand the long term development model (LTD), knowing this will help indentify when children need to learn which skill by which age. (Balyi, 2004). During the first stage of the LTD is the FUNdametal stage which focuses on children aged 6-9. During this stage the children starts to learn the basic Fundamental movement patterns. Learning these skills is important as they are the building blocks to sport specific, for example kicking is a base in a number of skills in football, If a Child learns these skills it will contribute significantly their future athletic achievements (Balyi, 2004). Once the Child reaches 9 and 11 it is the most important periods of skills development, during this period they are developed enough to learn and complete general overall sports skills (Balyi, 2004). It has been recommended that all Children should of mastered all the basic FMS by the age of 8 (Gallahue and Ozmun, 2006) Jess et al (2004) also reported the importance of FMS stating that they allow children to pass through a proficiency barrier to allow the development of skills in the future. Booth et al (2004) reported that in a random sample of Year 4, Year 6, Year 8 and Year 10 children that less than 40% had mastered all the skills using subjective measures, suggesting that when the children should be learning FMS skills they are not developing them in the correct way There have been a number of studies that have looked on how to measure FMS mastery. The 2 main methods reported are objective and subjective. Objective measures are the result of the skill, i.e. the time taken to run 10 meters or the number of catches. The advantage of using objective measures is it allows a high level inter and intra and Inter-rater reliability over attempts and measurers (Spray 1987). Another important is the tester does not need a high level of knowledge about the skill (Hands Larkin, 1998). The second way to measure FMS is using subjective measures. This is done by using a checklist for each FMS that identifies coaching points that the subject needs to do while completing the skill. Knudson and Morrison (1997) defined subjective measures or qualitative analysis as the systematic observation and introspective judgment of movement and skills for the purpose of improving that skill. The checklist which will be used in this study is The New South Wales Fundamental Movement Skills (NSWFMS) guidelines (2000), this is a resource for primary school children. The advantage of using subjective measures is that it can help identify one point in the skill that is weak. That information can then lead to trying to develop that weakness (Hands, 2000). However the criteria can be read and identified differently by different assessors. In terms of research in the area of what affects FMS movement skills there has been a lot reported in what factors affect FMS ability. It has been reported that Physical Activity level (Fisher et al 2004) has an effect on FMS ability with Children who take part in more physical activity have better FMS skills. There has also been mixed views on the effect of gender on FMS skills, Fisher et al (2004) reported no difference in fundamental scores between boys and girls, however. Okley and Booth (2004) reported that boys did better than girls in the sprinting and the object control skills, which in this study would be the throw and catch, the girls performed better in the rest of the locomoter skills which in this case is the balance. The reason for this difference could be done to what reported that FMS are affected more by the activities done by boys while girls are affected by psychosocial or environmental factors (Cliff 2009). There has been however a small majority of research looking at how age effects FMS. Okely Booth (2004) did one such study looking at using subjective measures and found for certain parts on FMS Skills, Year 3 Children had mastered the skill better than Year 1 Children. For Example only 1.5% of the year 1 boys and 0% of girls completed the hips then shoulders rotate forward coaching point for the throw compared to 13.5% of year 1 boys and 1.7% of year 3 girls. It is also important to note with regards to age that even Children in the same year can be further developed, meaning their body can do more and they may be able to process the FMS in formation easier. It is important to understand this when the analysing results as one Year 6 child could be biologically more developed than another and therefore be able to perform the skill better. (Gallahue and Ozmun 2006). This paper will therefore look at age and specifically the difference between year 1 and 6 children due the lack of research looking at Year 6 Children and the fact it has been reported that all Children should have mastered FMS by Year 8. The study will also use subjective and objective to get a better idea of which children have mastered the skills. The results can be used to see what areas of each skill children are failing to master and then interventions can be designed to improve them as it has been reported that a well-planned and implemented fundamental movement skill intervention in has an effect on childrens motor skills, physical activity levels and will keep the child interested in Physical Education. Section 2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESIS Aim The Aim of the study is to assess Fundamental Movement Skill (FMS) mastery in primary school children, to examine if there is a relationship between subjective and objective for FMS and to compare mastery of these skills by children in Year 1 and Year 6. Objectives To measure Fundamental Movement Skills in Year 1 and Year 6 children To analysis the skills using the New South Wales Criteria To study the relationship between year groups and the subjective and objective measures Hypothesis The Year 6 children will have high objective and subjective measures for all the FMS than the Year 1 children. Section 3: EXPERIMENTAL METHODS The Children will be tested for 2 hours in a normal PE lesson for 2 separate weeks. Each Child will be asked to wear suitable kit and footwear. The school sports hall where normal PE lessons take place will be used as the testing site once a risk assessment form was completing and checking the sports hall is suitable to complete the testing. These checks will be done before each testing session. Also ethical approval will need to be given before any testing can take place. Also before testing each child will undertake a warm up overseen by a PE Specialist. Subject Population A sample of 30 Children aged 10-11 (year 6) and 30 children ages 5-6 years (year 1) will be recruited for this study from a local primary school in Coventry. Informed consent from the parents will be obtained as well as agreement from the Child as each participant is under the age of 18. Fundamental Movement Skill Measurements Both subjective and objective measures will be measured, with the subjective being taken while the child performs one of the skill trails. The subjective measures will be analysed using The New South Wales Fundamental Movement Skills (NSWFMS) guidelines (2000) (see appendix for criteria). Using Qunitic Software each video will be watched 5 times and notational analysis will be used to measure how many of the skill components have been achieved. This will give an overall percentage of how that Child has mastered the skill. That will compare to the actual result for that skill. The criteria will also be used during the demonstration to allow the children to know all the points that make up the skill, also no feedback will be given after each attempt. Fundamental Movement Skills Each Child will complete 5 fundamental movement skills, (Balance, Kicking, Catching, Throwing and sprinting). A description of what each test involves is shown below. FMS Test Method Balance Subjective Measures For the subjective measures the children will be asked to Stand on their dominant leg, children will be asked to stay as upright and still as possible keeping eyes forwards for 20 seconds, with their other leg bent. Objective Measures The objective measures will involve the children balancing for 20 seconds on a balance board device (Tunturi by MFT, Germany) connected to a laptop, The percentage of time spent on either side (left/right) will be used as the measurement. Each Child will have a practice before being called up/ inputted into the laptop system. Catch Subjective Measures The Children will move their body to become in line with the travelling path of a soft tennis sized ball, a thrown by the researcher and PE specialist in a measured square area of 1m by 1m. Objective Measures The number of successful catches the children make out of 3 will be recorded. Jump Subjective Measures The Children will be asked to start with knees bent and then using their arms for momentum, jump up as high as possible into the air. Objective Measures The Childrens jump height of the jump will measured using Quintic Biomechanics software (Quintic Biomechanics v17 software, Coventry, UK) and recorded in meters. Throw Subjective Measures The Children will throw a small soft ball over-arm, towards a target placed on the sports hall wall. Objective Measures Points will be awarded to determine the precision of the throw. There were three sections, each with different amounts to justify the accuracy of the throw. Sprint Subjective Measures Children will be asked to ran as fast as they could along the 10 m measured track and then joined the back of the queue. The time will be recorded as use as the measure. Objective Measures Children will be ask to sprint as fast as they could down a 10m track, split times will be recorded at 5m and 10m using the SMARTSPEED timing gate system (SMARTSPEED, UK). Any children will also be able to withdraw their assent and not take part even if their parents/guardian has given informed consent, at any time during the testing. Statistical analysis A combination of correlations and ANOVAs will be used to examine the relationship between the objective measures and the subjective measures but also each of the two year groups. Microsoft Excel will be used to produce the graphs and SPSS will be sued for the statistical analysis. Section 4: PROPOSED TIME PLAN Date Action to be completed before deadline 6th December 2010 Complete and hand in Project Proposal 10th 24th January 2011 Go to schools and collect data ready for analysis 27th January 4th February 2011 Complete data collection, produce table of results and complete graphs 4th- 8th February 2011 Complete data analysis 10th- 20th February 2011 Write discussion and put in info from proposal such as Introduction and Methods. 21st February 2011 Check final project with supervisor and compile lab file 23rd- 1st March 2011 Check for any errors in project and print out 2 copies ready for binding 11th March 2011 Hand in 2 copies of the thesis and lab file. 12th March 2011 5th April Revise for Viva Seminar Section Five: REFERANCES Balyi I., Hamilton A. (2004) Long-Term Athlete Development: Trainability in Childhood and Adolescence. Windows of Opportunity. Optimal Trainability.Victoria: National Coaching Institute British Columbia Advanced Training and Performance Ltd. Booth M, Macaskill, P, McLellan L. (1997) NSW Schools Fitness and Physical Activity Survey. Sydney. NSW Department of School Education. Cliff, D, P., Okely, A.D,. Smith, L.M and McKeen, K. Relationships Between Fundamental Movement Skills and Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Preschool Children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 2009, 21, 436-449 Fisher, A., Reilly J.J., Kelly, L.A., Montgomery, C., Williamson, A., Payton, J.Y., Grant, S., (2004) Fundamental Movement Skills and Habitual Physical Activity in Young Children Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine. 684-688. Gallahue, D, L and Ozmun, J,C. (2006) 6th edn. Understanding Motor Development: Infants, Children, Adolescents, Adults, USA: McGraw Hill Hands, B. (2000) How can we best measure fundamental movement skills? Health Sciences Conference Papers. Paper 5. Hands, B., Larkin, D. (1998). Australian tests of motor proficiency: What do we have and what do we need? The ACHPER Healthy Lifestyles Journal, 45(4),10-16. Hands, B. Martin, M (2003) Implementing a Fundamental Movement Skill program in an early childhood setting: The childrens perspectives Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles Jess, M., Dewar, K. and Fraser, G. (2004) Basic moves: developing a foundation for lifelong physical activity, British Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 35 (2): 23-7. New South Wales (2000) Move It, Groove It Physical Activity in Primary Schools Summary Report. A NSW Health Physical Activity Demonstration Project (DP 98/1) Okely, A.D Booth, M,L. (2004) Mastery of fundamental movement skills among children in New South Wales: prevalence and sociodemographic distribution Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 7 (3) 358-372. Spray, J. A. (1987). Recent developments in measurement and possible applications to the measurement of psychomotor behavior. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 58, 203-209. Section 6: APPENDIX

Effects of Sexualisation of Culture on the Media

Effects of Sexualisation of Culture on the Media â€Å"Raunch culture isn’t about opening our minds to the possibilities and mysteries of sexuality. It’s about endlessly reiterating one particular – and particularly commercial – shorthand for sexiness† (Levy 2006: 30). With reference to your own examples, discuss the sexualisation of culture and its effects on media production. When we look at examples of how the sexualisation of culture, in particular women, has risen over the past decade we turn to things such as ‘raunch’ culture. It is all tied to the discourses of consumerism, empowerment and individualism. The significance of sex in culture has been brought more into light of late as an interest in the mainstreaming of sex or ‘striptease’ culture has risen. Mainstream sexualisation has become a way of describing how sex has become a bigger part and more visible part of contemporary western cultures. As things such as pornography and other explicit materials become easier to access by more people, many just being a click away. In many ways the pornographic industry has entered the mainstream world as porn stars are becoming celebrities and the pornographic ‘style ‘is becoming a commonplace in many industries, including advertising, Television, film and music videos. It is normal now to see scantily clad women in ice cream adverts and rap videos, but it is not only in the media that this is normal now, it is also common to see such things on the streets. Ariel Levy’s book on ‘Raunch’ culture describes sexualisation as ‘a desperate stab at free-wheeling eroticism in a time and place characterised by intense anxiety’ (Levy, 2005: 199) suggesting that the increase of sexualisation in the mainstrea m media does more harm than it does good. Britain in particular has a longstanding culture of sexual explicitness of women in the mainstream media mostly starting at the turn of the millennium. However this is no longer passive, a contemporary image of femininity is now likely to be enunciated as being ‘active, recreational, material, independent [and] consumerist’ (Evans, 1993: 41). Contemporary British culture has been sexualised in part by a neo-liberal bombast of choice and self-determination, which in turn has created a femininity with and ‘up for it’ and active personality. The shift in public discourse from a heterosexual female who is passive and has less sexual prowess than her male counterpart to an active female has been created by this mainstreaming of the explicit material. But it is not only in women we see this cultural shift as men have also been given an image that the must conform to in order to be the ideal heterosexual man. For both sexes it is clear that the change in sexuality in modern culture has had an effect on what it means to be desirable. If we look at Film as an example of how much sexual propriety has changed. â€Å"It’s a Wonderful Life† is an excellent example of how innocence and passivity were coveted in the 1940s, when the film was released. Donna Reed who plays Mary Hatch is the ideal image of youthful innocence, she is well spoken, young, beautiful and most of all quite passive and naà ¯ve in her sexuality. All we have to do it look at the original Disney princesses and the ones we have now to see how much the ideal passive love struck woman has changed into one of independent mind and sexuality. Where in the past we can see clearly that women were objects to be desired but not to desire themselves, whereas now there are many examples of sexually aware and advanced women in film. ‘Friends with Benefits’, a comedy starring Justin Timberlake and Mila Kunis, is about two friends who engage in sex without being married or in a relationship. This film in itself can show how sexuality ha s become less of something to happen in private, as it would have in older films, where the camera would usually fade into the distance or look away, and more something to be broadcasted. Mila Kunis in the film embodies what it means to be a free thinking, sexually independent, heterosexual women, she is beautiful and fierce. Radner (1999: 15) states, ‘the task of the Single Girl is to embody heterosexuality through the disciplined use of makeup, clothing, exercise, and cosmetic surgery, linking femininity, consumer culture and heterosexuality’. His statement shows us how the sexualisation of culture is having a profound effect on the media, where there was once naivety and innocence there is now cleavage and sex. Showing the â€Å"shift from sexual objectification to sexual subjectification† (Gill: 2008, 41). Concerns have been raised over this shift in discourse as not only raises the sexual subjectivity of women but it also excludes many people who do not fit the narrow, homogenised quota of what is means to be feminine and beautiful – young, heterosexual, Caucasian. (Gill, 2009; McRobbie, 2009, Orchbach, 2009) Though some see this as a negative, it can also be seen as an opportunity for which women can now be free to express their sexuality without distain or outrage. If we look at female icons like Lady Gaga or Katy Perry we can see how they use their own sexuality to empower themselves and inspire others. Though there is a fine line between sexual empowerment and sexism. It can be both sexist and empowering to show cleavage, where on one hand it is the women showing she is sexually independent, it can also be seen as sexist because she has to use her sexuality to get the places instead of using other means. If we look at the cultural changes in youth culture we can see how much sexualisation has changed over time and how it has affected the media. Shows like ‘Toddles in Tiaras’ and those like it show how the shift in sexuality has changed how we view the young. It has become almost normal for children to dress sexually, in short skirts and tank tops and covered in make-up. ‘Toddles in Tiaras’ is an example of just how extreme the change in the sexualisation of children has been. In it there a children as young as 4 dressed like they are 30 dancing around the stage. Gill (2007a: 72) contends that ‘[f]or young women today in postfeminist cultures, the display of a certain kind of sexual knowledge, sexual practice and sexual agency has become normative – indeed, a ‘technology of sexiness’ has replaced ‘innocence’ or ‘virtue’’ (p. 72). Even advertising has changed to mirror this new sexualisation of childre n. Toy companies and even lingerie companies have started releasing more sexual merchandise aimed toward the young. Jours Aprà ¨s Lunes launched a Loungerie Line for young girls, the advertising for it consisted of pre-teens dressed in their underwear. The shift in cultural sexualisation has made it a social norm to see young girls flaunting their sexuality. 10-year-old French model Thylane Loubry Blondeau ended up making news headlines when she appeared on the cover of Vogue France in a high-fashion pose many though was too mature and sexual for her age, yet images like this continue to be shown. This is due to the endless bombardment of sexual imagery that is shown to children making them want to look like adults and to look sexy in order to be women. More of print and advertising has become sexualised as we can see when we analyse the covers of the magazine Cosmopolitan. If we look at the cover for the 1894 edition, there isn’t actually an image for the consumer to look at, instead just text detailing what will be in the magazine, much of which is informative and formal. As we move up to 1896 we start to see women being present on the cover, she is dressed formally and again the text shown is not explicit or suggestive in any way. Yet as we move into the 1940s we start to see more idolised images of women, on the cover of 1941 is a beautiful blonde woman with a small amount of shoulder showing, though this can be seen as sexual it is not sexual in a sense that she is showing sexual prowess. The model looks more innocent with baby blue eyes and rosy cheeks inferring innocence, as was desired prior to this decade. Now into the 70s the images and style of the magazine have changed completely, sexual culture has started to shi ft more towards objectification of sexuality as opposed to innocence. Moreover the language on the cover has changed a lot to what it once was, the words are more suggestive of sexuality. The images are becoming â€Å"Less regulated, more commercialized, and more pluralistic sexual culture† (McNair 2002: 11). What we see when we reach the current decade is a clear and obvious indicator as to how much the ideas of what is considered sexual and sexualisation of culture has changed over time and its profound effect on the media. The images are of beautiful women flaunting their beauty while showing off a lot of skin, moreover the text around the images is much blunter and to the point about being sexual. The work ‘Sexy’ is capitalised across the cover of the December 2012 edition and on the March 2013 edition the words ‘your best sex ever’ are captioned along the top. As we can see through the progression of these covers the effect that the change in th e sexualisation of culture has actually had on the media. The constant advertising of this one type of image as the ideal sexually confident woman can be seen ‘as consumers in pursuit of their own pleasures’ (Juffer, 1998:147). Overall we can see that culture, generally, has always been quite sexual in the sense that we have always coveted sex in an intimate way. Yet it has not always been so open and obvious, especially in the media. What we can say is that sexuality has always been present in our society in one form or another whether it be beautiful innocence in the movies or picturesque models on magazines. The major change that we have seen is that instead of it being about sexuality, it has become more about sex itself. With the help of the media sex and sexual behaviour has become a norm in society where once it was a private act. We see it more in the movies and on the covers or magazine and it has become even easier to access online. Our culture is no longer looking for just the image of sexuality in men and women but about the act itself. Magazines and movies are no longer selling the sexy looking models and actors, they are selling sex, and be it in advice columns, perfume adverts or sex scenes i n the movies. Sex sells and the media knows it. Despite the regulations in place to stop the endless flow of sexual images reaching the public, it has become a social norm to be a sexualised person and that is mostly due to the media jumping on the band wagon that is the cultural change in what it means to be sexual and sexy. Bibliography Ariel Levy, Female Chauvinist Pigs: Women and the Rise of Raunch Culture, Free Press, 2005 Cosmopolitan March 1894: Cover. Print. Cosmopolitan May 1896: Cover. Print. Cosmopolitan November 1941: Cover. Print. Cosmopolitan February 1970: Cover. Print. Cosmopolitan December 2012: Cover. Print. Cosmopolitan March 2013: Cover. Print. Evans, D.T. (1993) Sexual Citizenship: The Material Construction of Sexualities. London: Routledge. Gill, R. (2007a) ‘Critical Respect: The Difficulties and Dilemmas of Agency and â€Å"Choice† for Feminism: A Reply to Duits and van Zoonen’, European Journal of Women’s Studies 14(1): 69–80. Gill, Rosalind. (2008). Empowerment/Sexism: Figuring Female Sexual Agency in Contemporary Advertising. Feminine and Psychology. 18 (35), 41. Gill, R. (2009) ‘Beyond the â€Å"Sexualisation of Culture† Thesis: An Intersectional Analysis of â€Å"Six-packs†, â€Å"Midriffs† and â€Å"Hot Lesbians† in Advertising’, Sexualities 12(2): 137– 60 Juffer, Jane (1998) At Home with Pornography: Women, Sex and Everyday Life. New York London: New York University Press. McNair, B, 2002. Striptease Culture: Sex, Media and the Democratization of Desire. 11: Routledge. McRobbie, A. (2009) the Aftermath of Feminism: Gender, Culture and Social Change. London: Sage. Orbach, S. (2009) Bodies. London: Profile Books Radner, H. (1999) ‘Introduction: Queering the Girl’, in H. Radner and M. Luckett (Eds) Swinging Single: Representing Sexuality in the 1960s. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press

Cellular Phreaking :: essays research papers

Cellular Phreaking The cellular/mobile phone system is one that is perfectly set up to be exploited by phreaks with the proper knowledge and equipment. Thanks to deregulation, the regional BOC's (Bell Operating Companies) are scattered and do not communicate much with each other. Phreaks can take advantage of this by pretending to be mobile phone customers whose "home base" is a city served by a different BOC, known as a "roamer". Since it is impractical for each BOC to keep track of the customers of all the other BOC's, they will usually allow the customer to make the calls he wishes, often with a surcharge of some sort. The bill is then forwarded to the roamer's home BOC for collection. However, it is fairly simple (with the correct tools) to create a bogus ID number for your mobile phone, and pretend to be a roamer from some other city and state, that's "just visiting". When your BOC tries to collect for the calls from your alleged "home BOC", they will discover you are not a real customer; but by then, you can create an entirely new electronic identity, and use that instead. How does the cellular system know who is calling, and where they are? When a mobile phone enters a cell's area of transmission, it transmits its phone number and its 8 digit ID number to that cell, who will keep track of it until it gets far enough away that the sound quality is sufficiently diminished, and then the phone is "handed off" to the cell that the customer has walked or driven into. This process continues as long as the phone has power and is turned on. If the phone is turned off (or the car is), someone attempting to call the mobile phone will receive a recording along the lines of "The mobile phone customer you have dialed has left the vehicle or driven out of the service area." When a call is made to a mobile phone, the switching equipment will check to see if the mobile phone being called is "logged in", so to speak, or present in one of the cells. If it is, the call will then act (to the speaking parties) just like a normal call - the caller may hear a busy tone, the phone may just ring, or the call may be answered. How does the switching equipment know whether or not a particular phone is authorized to use the network? Many times, it doesn't. When a dealer installs a mobile phone, he gives the phone's ID number (an 8 digit hexadecimal number)

Future of Svalbard :: essays research papers

Recently, a lot of focus has been drawn towards glaciers, and how they may change due to global warming, and in turn, affect the rest of the world around it. Svalbard is one such place with many glaciers, in fact it is comprised of about two-thirds glacial landmass. With such a high amount of land covered by glaciers, and with the ever-increasing risk of global warming, how would Svalbard change with the combination of these and many other factors? Although the rest of the world is worried that with global rising, temperatures will continue to get hotter, Svalbard is likely to suffer exactly the opposite fate. Initially, it will become warmer, but this heat will gradually melt the many ice caps and glaciers found around Svalbard. The freshwater released from these huge sources would slowly change the mindscape immediately around it, with the effects it has on the environment spreading out to affect more and more areas. Firstly, the landscape around would be dramatically eroded. Whereas a glacier pushes out of the way objects in its path, and erodes the surrounding area through a combination of ablation, plucking and freeze-thaw, the glacier itself commonly hides the features it creates, but when the glacier melts, features such as cirques, horns, arà ªtes, hanging valleys and waterfalls can be seen. Also, the melt water would itself cut a small v-shape in the base of the U-shaped valley created by the glacier. The stones in the river, and deposition would cause this. Lateral and terminal moraines would also be created after the glacier deposits some of the rocks and dirt that it will have picked up as it moves. The freshwater from the glaciers would run eventually to the sea, causing sea levels to rise, and also reducing the levels of salt found in the sea. This is in fact disastrous for thermohaline circulation, which carries warm currents to Svalbard from The Gulf Stream, and takes cold water back around to e warmed again. The cold water travels back along the surface of the ocean bed around America, because it has sunk near Svalbard. It sinks due to the levels of salt here. The addition of salt makes the water heavy, dropping to the bottom. When the added glacier water reduces the salt levels, it would, in effect stop thermohaline circulation completely. This would mean that, eventually, warm places would get even warmer, without the cooling sea water, and Svalbard would get even colder, without Gulf Stream water warming the East side of the islands.

Achievements of science Essay

The history of human civilization is a record of the achievements of science, amongst other things. We have been observing great scientific achievements since the dawn of the 20th century. But the invention which has brought about a revolutionary change in the world is computer. The history of computer science began long before the modern discipline of computer science that emerged in the 20th century, and hinted at in the centuries prior. The progression, from mechanical inventions and mathematical theories towards the modern concepts and machines, formed a major academic field and the basis of a massive worldwide industry. The man behind the thought of this great invention was a British professor of mathematics named Charles Babez. In 1830, he designed a machine named â€Å"Analytical Engine† which had common sides with the present structure of computer. Then step by step, computer got its current shape through various procedure and research. In terms of working criteria, there are three kinds of computers. These are analog, digital and hybrid. The analog computer works by chronologically counting of shifting figures and the digital computer works by using mathematical methods and counting electric waves. The hybrid computer is a combination of the above two; it works by using both characteristics of analog and the digital. According to the size, space and working capacity, there are four variations of digital computer: super computer, mainframe computer, mini-frame computer and micro computer. The total figure of computer is divided into three main units: input unit, central processing unit (CPU), output unit. The input unit receives the data and delivers to memory, memory stores it for the time being and the arithmetic logic unit defines it and directs to process it with necessary programs and delivers the result to output unit to present and memory stores the result permanently if needed. The whole procedure is executed by the control unit. The arithmetic logic unit, control unit and memory constitute the CPU. The fields of application of computer are uncountable. From space research to personal amusement, each and every fact of human race is being influenced by this machine. Governmental issues, commercial vocations, scientific analysis, educational tasks and various works are being operated and controlled automatically by its graft. Now, scientists are trying to invent artificial intelligence and if that’ll possible, computer will be substitute of human. There is no argument that computer has done incalculable benefits to man. But as it’s a  machine, it can also be operated against mankind. So, it depends on us to use it in a proper way and get the best output from it and have a life of comfort, easy and peace.

Nursing Care of a Patient Diagnosed with Pneumonia Essay

Patient Description Patient is a Caucasian 83 year old female that came into the emergency department from Wynwood assisted living facility with an increase of fatigue, worsening confusion and a 1 day history of a fever. Patient weighs approximately 90 pounds upon admission with a height of 64 inches. Patient has known COPD and is a former heavy smoker that also has a history of pneumonia, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and dementia. Upon presentation to the emergency department patient has had increased nasal drainage and cough. Patient came into the hospital about a year and a half ago with a diagnosis of right lower lobe pneumonia. Patient was arousable, alert and pleasant, but not a good historian and appears to be quite emaciated. Patient at first had a non productive cough and was put on anti-biotics and began to have a productive cough 2 days post admission. Patient had dyspnea, increase respiration rate, difficulty talking, coarse lungs, and had decreased SpO2 with activity. Patient lived in Wynwood assisted living facility where she lived almost independently. Patient was able to get around her apartment with a front wheel walker and provided her own care of activities of daily living. With this admission, hospital staff did not recommend patient going back to assisted living as she would not be able to take care of her self until her mobility is back to her normal limits and the dyspnea is decreased. Nursing Diagnosis Ineffective airway clearance r/t bronchospasm, excessive mucous production, tenacious secretions, fatigue AMB dyspnea, increase RR (28), difficulty talking, inability to raise secretions, ineffective cough, adventitious breath sounds. Goals A. Pt will demonstrate effective coughing and clear breath sounds by end of shift 5/15/10 (3 days) and until discharge. B. Pt will continue to have cyanotic free skin by end of shift on 5/14/10 (2 days) and until discharge. C. Pt will maintain a patent airway at all times by end of shift 5/15/10 (3 days) and until discharge. D. Pt will relate methods to enhance secretion removal (drinking warm fluids) by end of shift 5/15/10 (3 days) and until discharge. E. Pt will relate the significance of changes in sputum to include color, character, amount and odor by end of shift 5/15/10 (3 days) until discharge. Interventions| Rationale| 1. RN will auscultate breath sounds Q4 hrs and PRN until discharge. 2. RN and CNA will monitor respiratory patterns, including rate, depth, and effort Q4 hr and PRN until discharge. 3. RN will monitor blood gas values as available and pulse oxygen saturation levels Q8 hr and PRN until discharge. 4. RN and CNA will position the client to optimize respiration (HOB elevated 45 degrees and repositioned every 2 hrs) and PRN until discharge. 5. RN and CNA will help the pt deep breathe and perform controlled coughing Q2hrs until discharge. 6. RN will help the pt use the forced expiratory technique, the â€Å"huff cough†. The pt does a series of coughs while saying the word huff q4hr and PRN until discharge. 7. RN or CNA will assist with clearing secretions from pharynx by offering tissues and gentle suction of the oral pharynx if necessary Q4 hr and PRN until discharge. 8. RN will observe sputum, noting color, odor and volume PRN until discharge.9. RN and CNA will encourage activity and ambulation as tolerated TID and PRN until discharge. 10. RN and CNA will encourage fluid intake of up to 2500 mL/day within cardiac or renal reserve Q2 hrs and PRN until discharge. 11. RN will administer oxygen as ordered until discharge12. RN or RT will administer medications such as bronchodilators or inhaled steroids as ordered until discharged. 13. RN and CNA will monitor the patient’s behavior and mental status for the onset of restlessness, agitation, confusion and extreme lethargy twice a shift and PRN until discharge date. 14. RN and CNA will observe for cyanosis of the skin twice a shift and PRN until discharge. 15. RN or CNA will position patient over bedside table for acute dyspnea PRN until discharge. 16. RN & CNA will help pt eat frequent small meals and  use dietary supplements PRN until discharge. 17. RN will teach pt energy conservation techniques and the importance of alternating rest periods with activity by end of shift tomorrow and PRN until discharge.| 1. â€Å"The presence of coarse crackles during late inspiration indicates fluid in the airway; wheezing indicates a narrowed airway† (Simpson, 2006, p. 487).2. â€Å"A normal respiratory rate for an adult without dyspnea is 12-16. With secretions in the airway, the respiratory rate will increase† (Simpson, 2006, p. 486). 3. â€Å"An oxygen saturation of less than 90% or a partial pressure of oxygen of less than 80 indicates significant oxygenation problems† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 125).4. â€Å"An upright position allows for maximal lung expansion; lying flat cause abdominal organs to shift toward the chest, which crowds the lungs and makes it more difficult to breathe† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 125).5. â€Å"This technique can help increase sputum clearance and decrease cough spasms. Controlled coughing was the diaphragmatic muscles, making the cough more forceful and effective† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 125).6. â€Å"This technique prevents the glottis from closing during the cough and is effective in clearing secretions in the central airways† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126).7. â€Å"In the debilitated client, gentle suctioning of the posterior pharynx may stimulate coughing and removing secretions† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126).8. â€Å"Normal sputu m is clear or gray and minimal; abnormal sputum is green, yellow, or bloody; malodorous; and often copious† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126). 9. â€Å"Body movements helps mobilize secretions and can be a powerful means to maintain lung health† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126).10. â€Å"Fluids help minimize mucosal drying and maximize ciliary action to move secretions. Some pts cannot tolerate increased fluids because of underlying disease† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126).11. â€Å"Oxygen has been shown to correct hypoxia, which can be caused by retained respiratory secretions† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126).12. â€Å"Bronchodilators decrease airway resistance secondary to broncho-constriction† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 126).13. â€Å"Changes in behavior and mental status can be early signs of impaired gas exchange. In the late stages the patient becomes lethargic and somnolent† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 388).14. â€Å"Central cyanosis of the tongue and oral mucosa is indicative of serious hypoxia and is a medical emergency. Peripheral cyanosis in the extremities may or may not be serious†Ã‚  (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 388). 15. â€Å"Leaning forward can help decrease dyspnea, possibly because gastric pressure allows better contraction of the diaphragm. This is called the tripod position and is used during times of distress† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 388).16. â€Å"Improved nutrition can help increase muscle aerobic capacity and exercise tolerance. Nutritional problems in clients with COPD can be visual; early identification of clients at risk is essential to maintaining BMI† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 389).17. â€Å"Fatigue is a common symptom of COPD and needs to be assessed and managed† (Sanford & Jacobs, 2008, p. 390).| Article Summary In the Article, â€Å"Respiratory Assessment,† by Heidi Simpson, intends for the audience to be nurses already working in the field. This article gives an order of a respiratory assessment that works for any nurse, whether they are a new graduating nurse or a nurse who has been working for years. This journal article gives all the required elements in order to do a full respiratory assessment which includes the â€Å"initial assessment, history taking, inspection, palpitation, percussion, auscultation, and further investigations† (Simpson, 2006, p. 484). This article is a general information article that focuses towards all and any patient population as all of our patients need to have a respiratory assessment done. This article gives a good breakdown of a respiratory assessment in which I currently use in practice. The article can be a good reminder of how an accurate respiratory assessment should be done and how to get good results in the technique a nurse may use. References Sanford, J.T. & Jacobs, M. (2008). Impaired gas exchange. In B.J. Ackley & G.B. Ladwig (Eds.) Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care (8th ed., pp. 388-390). St Louis, MO: Elsevier. Sanford, J.T. & Jacobs, M. (2008). Ineffective airway clearance. In B.J. Ackley & G.B. Ladwig (Eds.) Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care (8th ed., pp. 124-129). St Louis, MO: Elsevier. Simpson, H. (2006). Respiratory assessment. British Journal of Nursing (BJN), 15(9), 484-488. Retrieved from CINAHL with full text database.

Management Product and Service Design Essay

Enchanted Kingdom is a theme park in the Philippines. It is located in Santa Rosa City, Laguna, operated by Enchanted Kingdom Inc. (formerly named Amtrust Leisure Corporation). Like any other amusement park, it got numerous attractions and rides that serve the best interest of people of any ages especially children. In the point of view of operations management, as a whole, Enchanted Kingdom is designed to cater ingeniously each guests fancy and offers a total enjoyment for everyone. With their catchy phrase, â€Å"Where the magic begins†¦Ã¢â‚¬  they should provide customers an overall satisfaction with all the products and services they offer and still come up with innovative ideas to keep people especially in the nearing cities to come and go with a fulfilled experience of magic, how far would they render to make people’s imagination as realistic as they can be? I. Product and Service Design Positive From entrance to exit, the place is very exquisite. Customers find themselves astonished with sight of infrastructures built; we all know that the scenic atmosphere endows what Enchanted Kingdom is all about. It is designed in such a way that would cater all ages. They put up rides and fun-filled activities such as arcade, band appearances, games, souvenirs, mascot parade, street dancers, evening fireworks and a lot more. As years passed by, they keep on adding new rides and attractions such as Xtreme Paintball, Kart racing, Triassic Laser Tag, 4D Discovery Theater, Exodus the Ride (All-terrain vehicle Adventure Trail), Lake Spa (foot, back massages), Space Shuttle Max, and SRRX (Haunted attraction). They also started seasonal attraction such as the Biki Waterworld during summer. Their ticket promo is also something people are watching out. They have a variety of ticket rates depending on age and season. They also have discounts for students and residents of Sta. Rosa, and every sem breaks they offer â€Å"barkada† discounts or packages to their target college students. Negative Bringing of food and drinks inside the park is strictly prohibited. Customers are then induced to buy monopolized and expensive food and drinks inside, otherwise they still need to go out the park. Tickets are not so affordable. Their souvenir products are too expensive. There is no place or specific spot, where people could rest when they got tired, only benches sparse at the park. II. Capacity Positive EK has really the capacity to conduct business like this. With 17 hectares of land area, they could really accommodate a large number of people and put all the park zones, shop and food outlets, kiddy rides, adventurous and extreme rides for adults and other attractions together. They have rides that give so much fun and excitement to customers. Their staff and crew are skilled, well trained and do excellent jobs. Their operations hours are enough to most customers to fully enjoy and explore the whole magical place. Negative Although they could cater to large number of people, there are really times especially during special occasions when the whole park is full of visitors or tourists. These create long lines in different rides creating disturbances to the enjoyment of their customers. III. Service Process Positive Buying of entrance tickets is easy. They could choose between limited tickets or ride-all-you-can tickets. Also, EK provides necessary precautions and made the theme park as accessible as it can be such as brochures so you might not get lost. There are staffs all over the theme park for immediate concerns, and accessible customer service office. Negative If there were too many people, it would take 30 minutes to 1 hour before you can take a ride because of long lines of people. The hardest and most tiring part is that you’re standing while you are waiting for your turn. Too much-crowded amusement park makes customers not to ultimately enjoy their trip and be dissatisfied. IV. Facility Layout Positive The age appropriateness and other requirements for efficiency of their facilities are viewed largely as one of the best features of Enchanted Kingdom. They have it all! From land, wind, water, digital and to sports! They offer a variety of fun. The layout was designed in such a way that it is sparse out probably because they want their customers not only to be condensed to one side of EK but also to go all around and see all the other landmarks they constructed. Their rides are distributed according to different themes such as Spaceport, Portabello, Brooklyn Place, Victoria Park, Boulderville, Midway Boardwalk, and Jungle Outpost. The Boulderville is where most rides for kids could be found. Negative Sparse layout could be tiring for some customers. Walking too many steps is tiring and a little bit exhausting to those older people. The adult rides like space shuttle and anchors away would take about five (5) minutes of average walking in between. V. Location Positive Going to Enchanted Kingdom comes handy with private vehicles especially those coming from Manila for it is located near the South Luzon Expressway Exit. It is also isolated from other landmarks such as factories that could ruin the stunning ambience of EK. Its location is also near from exclusive subdivisions that could give them rich customers. Negative The location of EK would most likely be very inconvenient for public commuters. Since it is far from the national road, it is hard for them to locate it. Also, the trip from the national road is prone to heavy traffic. Finally, people who opt to eat outside of EK due to its expensive food and drinks would cost them about 10-15 minutes and additional transportation costs because of its isolated location. VI. Quality Positive Well, every business tries to serve their function well. For some, it is affordable with all of its accommodations. Enchanted Kingdom is the biggest theme park we have here in the Philippines. This is probably the closest to having our very own Disneyland. They provide better quality of rides and scenery compare to others. They are a member of International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions which can assure us that Enchanted Kingdom follows extreme quality standards and measures similar to other amusement parks in the world. Negative The â€Å"newness† factor is somehow missing in Enchanted Kingdom nowadays. When you frequently visit EK, you would probably ask for new major rides. There are added attractions but they are lacking of building new major rides. The most exciting and challenging rides of EK would probably be still Anchors Away and Space Shuttle which is now Space Shuttle Max – not like Star City who has now the â€Å"Star Flyer†. Also there are rides which are not well maintained particularly their Grand Carousel. The issue of safety assurance also comes into the picture when the Space Shuttle, one of their major attractions, hung in mid-air twice. Recently was in the year 2007. VII. Recommendations for Improvement For improvements, we are not saying that this isn’t a good place to go to for a fun day, but Enchanted Kingdom will need more than a few rides to impress everyone. First off, there aren’t enough rides to accommodate a huge number of people, during peak seasons. You will always end up waiting in line under the blazing sun for an hour or so, only to come out a minute later disappointed that it wasn’t as thrilling as they had advertised. Then the food is too expensive, and you can’t bring your own food – not even a bottle of water. Now that would have been fine if the food inside Enchanted Kingdom’s food court tastes decent, but sometimes even the bottle of water isn’t cold. . There is a small cafe outside; but it doesn’t serve anything worth eating. The bathrooms though clean and well kept had a bad odor and stained tiles. Enchanted Kingdom needs a renovation too, and they need to do it fast before one of their rides collapse. And for 500 pesos entrance fee, they should at least make it a point to upgrade some of their rides and add more chairs and benches for the people. Maybe they could also plant more trees, as the heat can get to you especially during summer. Continuous improvement means total quality management. They should invest more on TQM for this will generate more revenues to their company. If they have TQM, people will not question anymore their entrance fees as to be so expensive. More people would be satisfied and be converted to long-term customers. Most importantly, this would provide safety assurance for all valued customers. Lastly, we support the continuation of their proposed plans of creating Enchanted Kingdom General Santos, Enchanted Kingdom Davao, Andromeda City (Iloilo), Mars World (Cebu), and Planet Enchanted (Batangas City). These proposed projects will make EK accessible not only to people living in Luzon area but also to other parts of the country as well. A project that will boost up economic growth by attracting more tourists and creating more jobs for those unemployed.

Target Financial Analysis

Juan A. Torres Rodriguez D01596038 Mini Case Assignment Target Corp. started in 1902 as Dayton’s Dry Goods company. At 1911, Dayton’s Dry Goods is renames as Dayton Company, and commonly known as Dayton’s Department Store. In 1946 Dayton’s Department Stores started giving the community back 5% of their pretax profits, a practice that Target Corp still maintains. During the 1960’s Dayton’s create a new kind of store to appeal the masses called Target, opening the first Target store in the Twin Cities on May 1, 1962. The industry sector in which Target Corporation competes is in the retail sector reaching the $62. 7 Billion in sales. As mentioned above, Target competes in the retail sector, which makes the operating risks of the company mainly focused on customer’s perceptions, differentiation of brand, and anticipating consumer preferences to boost their sales, gross margin and profitability. If we take a look at Target’s 10K, th e first risk factor they mention is the ability of differentiate the business from other retailers by creating attractive value propositions through a careful combination of price, merchandise assortment, convenience, guest service and marketing efforts.Another risk that all companies in this sector face is the macroeconomic condition of the country and the impact this has in their consumers. This lead us to the financial risk the company might have. One of the financial risks we have to consider in any type of company is the debt to total capitalization ratio. Based on financial information of their 2011 report, we can calculate the debt to total capitalization ratio in the following manner: Total debt: 15,726 million Total stockholder’s equity: 15,487 million, therefore: 15,726 / 31,213= . 50 or 50%Comparing their debt to total capitalization ratio with industry average, Target’s is too high. The industry debt to total capitalization ratio is 0. 36. Comparing the fin ancial information of previous years Target went from 0. 58 in 2009 to 0. 52 in 2010, to 0. 50 in 2011. Overall, Target is improving significantly their debt to capitalization ratio, but still has some work to do. In regards of Target stock, currently they don’t have any preferred stock outstanding, just common stock. Target’s common stock is traded in the NYSE as TGT. The price of it’s common stock as of today is $62. 0, going up 0. 06 points. Target’s cash dividend yield on the Common Stock is 0. 0192 = 1. 92% = 2. 0: Cash dividends declared per share: $1. 20 Current stock price: $62. 50 Cash dividend yield= 1. 15 dividends declared/ 62. 50 stock price = 1. 92 = 2. 0 Target’s market capitalization is: 668. 4 million shares issued and outstanding x $62. 50 of stock prices = 41. 8 Billion Continuing with Target’s capital structure, if we look at Target’s liabilities section: Short portion of Long-Term Debt = $3. 3 Billion Long-term de bt = $15. 2 Billion Therefore the total debt for Target would be: . 3 B + 15. 2 B = 18. 5 Billion Dollars Taking the previous calculation of Targets market capitalization of 41. 8 the total capitalization would be: 18. 5 B + 41. 8 B = 60. 3 Billion, or: 31% Debt 69% Equity As of November 18, 2012, Target’s current beta is . 48. Now if we would like to calculate what would be Target’s new beta without the long-term debt (unlevered beta) we need to use the Hamada formula for the unlevered beta bu= b/ [1 +(1-T)(D/S) bu= . 48 / [ 1 + (1-34. 3%) (18. 5/40. 6)] bu= . 37 If Target would not have any long-term debt, its beta would be of . 7. Moving to Target’s current Marginal Tax Rate, according to the Income Statement found at Target’s annual report, the rate is 34. 3%. In order to calculate Target’s Cost of debt before and after taxes, we need to look for the bonds issued by a corporation. Since Target has not issued bonds, I took the cost of a long-ter m debt due in 2020 as my example. The rate of that long-term debt is 3. 875%. This would be the Cost of debt before any taxes taken. Now to calculate the Cost of Debt after tax, we need to proceed with the following calculation: 3. 875 ( 1 – 34. %) = 2. 545875 As mentioned before, Target doesn’t have any preferred stock. We can calculate the Cost of Equity using the Risk Free Rate of 3. 00% and a Risk Premium of 7. 5% points. Using the new beta of . 48 we can determine what is the Expected Total return by Common Stockholders: rRF = 3. 00 rRP = 7. 5 b= . 48 Cost of Equity = rRF + (rRP x b) =3. 00% + (7. 5% pts x 0. 48) = 0. 066 ? 6. 6% Given the dividend yield of 2. 0 we can also determine the Expected annual appreciation of Target’s Common Stock: 6. 6% Total Return – 2. 0 Dividend Yield = 4. % of E. A. A. With the previous information calculated we could proceed and calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital: wd = 31% ws = 69% rs = 6. 6% rd = 3. 875% Tax = 34. 3 WACC = wd ( 1 – T)rd + ws(rs) =31% ( 1 – 34. 3%) 3. 875% + (69% x 6. 6%) = 0. 053432 = 5. 3432% One of the last things used to evaluate in order to consider investing in a company is its Price Earnings Multiple. Target’s Price Earnings Multiple is calculated the following way: Stock Price= $62. 50 Earnings Per Share = $4. 50 P/E = Stock Price / EPS = 62. 50 / 4. 50 = 13. 89If we compare Target’s P/E ratio with Wal-Mart, which is in the same industry, (14. 03 P/E), Target’s P/E is within ndustry. http://finance. yahoo. com/q/bc? s=TGT+Basic+Chart&t=5y This chart was retrieved from Yahoo! Financial. In here we can see the performance of Target’s Stock (TGT) during the past five years. In 2008 Target’s started at approximately $55. 00; looking at 2009, the stock plummeted from the 60’s to the mid 20’s, which reflects the market crash. After this episode in the economy we can see that Target’s stock has re covered significantly.After performing the calculations, Target’s capital structure is optimal. However, the debt to capitalization ratio is high, at 50%. Target needs to lower its Long-Term Debt. Comparing Target’s debt to capital to the industry average, the industry average is 0. 36. However I would invest in Target. I think I would have an advantage over outsiders, because I used to work at Target Corporation. Target is a company that is constantly growing, and their sales demonstrate their market advantage over other retailers. What convinced me to invest into Target mostly was the P/E ratio.Comparing it to a corporation like Wal-Mart, which is really successful, Target’s P/E ratio is acceptable and attractive. References 1. Scovaner, Douglas A. (2011). Target 2011 Annual Report. Retrieved on November 18, 2012: https://corporate. target. com/annual-reports/2011/images/company/annual_report_2011/documents/Target_2011_Annual_Report. pdf 2. Stock Analysis on n et. (2012). Retrieved on November 18, 2012. http://www. stock-analysis-on. net/NYSE/Company/Target-Corp/Ratios/Long-term-Debt-and-Solvency#Debt-to-Capital 3. Retrieved on November 18, 2012 http://ycharts. com/companies/TGT/pe_ratio 4.Yahoo! Finance. (2012). Retrieved on November 18, 2012. http://finance. yahoo. com/q/bc? s=TGT+Basic+Chart&t=5y ——————————————– [ 1 ]. https://corporate. target. com/annual-reports/2011/images/company/annual_report_2011/documents/Target_2011_Annual_Report. pdf, page 5. [ 2 ]. http://www. stock-analysis-on. net/NYSE/Company/Target-Corp/Ratios/Long-term-Debt-and-Solvency#Debt-to-Capital [ 3 ]. https://corporate. target. com/annual-reports/2011/images/company/annual_report_2011/documents/Target_2011_Annual_Report. pdf, [ 4 ]. http://ycharts. com/companies/TGT/pe_ratio

Results Based Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Results Based Leadership - Essay Example al traits like character knowledge and values, but by using the conventional wisdom that leaders use to connect the their attributes and results, it is possible to know an effective leader. Effective leaders in all organizations try to accomplish results, which will benefit employees, the organization, customers and investors of the business. Leaders need to have a vision, inspire workers and others, and work with integrity just to name a few attributes that everyone agrees a leader should have. However, effective leadership will connect these leadership attributes with results, which are the outcomes of outstanding leadership. If leaders do not clarify the outcomes they expect, there will be no measurement of success or failure in operations, and this undermines the effectiveness and profitability of the business. Effective leaders need to focus on results to ensure that they understand the impact their decisions and development strategies have on the stakeholders of their business. For a business to be successful in the competitive market, it has to provide benefit to its stakeholders so that they can be able to help the business grow. Leadership attributes are of importance to a business, as they will dictate how the organization deals with the stakeholders. Having a vision will enable the business to attract customers and investors since they will be confident that their needs will be met. Authenticity of the leader will assure the outside world that they can trust the business, and this improves the image of the business. The leader also needs to be knowledgeable and have the skills of ensuring that there is a proper link up between attributes and results since the proper mix of the two determines if the leader knows and delivers the expectations of the stakeholders of the business. Result based leadership meets the expectations of the customer by answering questions such as; who are the targeted customers? Why do they buy the company’s products? How can

An Investigation of Safety Practices in the Saudi Arabia Construction Research Paper - 1

An Investigation of Safety Practices in the Saudi Arabia Construction Industry - Research Paper Example accidents 17 2.6.2 Continuous safety practices by top management 19 2.6.3 Continuous safety practices by safety professionals 20 2.7 Measurement of safety performance 20 3. Project Plan, Methods and Techniques 24 3.1 Project Plan 24 3.2. Methods and Techniques 24 3.2.1. Sampling 24 3.2.2. Data Collection 25 3.2.3. Data Analysis 25 3.3. Skills and Experience 26 3.4. Time Scale 26 List of References 27 1. Introduction 1.1 Background Saudi Arabia has experienced rapid growth over the last few decades. In 2011, the GDP growth rate was 3.8% (TradingEconomics, 2011). This is roughly an average for the 21st century with lows having occurred during 2002-2003 and 2010 and highs during the mid 2000s. Exports at present are over 200,000 million SAR and over 90% of these are oil exports, which account for 75% of government revenue. The rapid growth is therefore mainly due to increases in the kingdom’s oil revenues. ... The construction industry engages in designing, constructing and maintaining unique buildings. In Saudi Arabia, its growth in recent years has been remarkable, especially due to increased foreign investment from international companies seeking to expand their businesses. According to Saudi Arabia’s Infrastructure Report for the second quarter of 2011, Saudi’s construction industry is set to grow by 4% in 2011, and it will continue to grow at this rate for the next four years (Roberts, 2011). In particular, during the period 2011 to 2015, Saudi Arabia’s residential building construction is set to grow at a rate of 7.2% (Saudi Entrepreneurship, 2011). The Saudi construction sector is the largest and fastest growing in the Gulf region. The government is completing the establishment of six economic cities; it has invested almost SR513.8 billion during the period October 2008 to April 2009, and it is expected to spend around SR1.5 trillion over the next half decade (U S-SA Business Council, 2010). However, the construction industry is also one of the most highly hazardous industries. Its unique nature, difficult work-site conditions, human behaviour, and poor safety management are the main causes of accidents (Koehn and Chih-Shing 1995, 261). Unfortunately, despite the construction evolution in Saudi Arabia, the work methods, equipment and procedures are still unsafe. As an example, in a recent incident in Riyadh in January 2011, it was reported that three workers were killed and eleven were left injured when scaffolding collapsed (Abbas, 2011). Several other highly publicised accidents at construction sites have also taken place in Saudi Arabia in recent years. Regulations do exist but many

Programming the technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Programming the technology - Essay Example The availability of customers’ information at numerous sources initiated concerns about its privacy. Customers began to worry about the theft of their information and also about its usage for different purposes. There are many sources of data from where the security breach may initiate and privacy of the individual may be threatened. Kahn (2010) stated some of them, namely healthcare records, financial institutions, residence and postal records, business transactional data etc. The need of the hour is for the organizations to understand the meaning of privacy; it does not mean to stop the data collection process, rather it means to understand the boundaries and limitations by which the customer’s data should be used. Business organizations, health-care establishments, financial institutions need to ensure that the usage of the customers’ information complies with the terms that were communicated to the customer at the time of the data collection. Since otherwise, it is considered unethical and illegal (in some instances) to use the information for analytical purposes for the betterment of their business. There are an increasing number of instances of security breach around the world. Waters (2008) quoted a survey that constituted of 1000 companies; it was concluded that almost 90% of them allowed their employees to leave the office premises with confidential data on their USB devices. This is just one of the examples of how customer’s data is not protected in the hands of the organizations; another common happening in which the customer’s privacy is threatened is the theft of computers and laptops in which data is not encrypted. Few other techniques that go against the privacy rights of the customers are hacking, phishing, eavesdropping, intrusion etc. Waters (2008) also stated that security breaches cost UK billions of pounds every year. Some

Waste Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Waste - Essay Example 1). A complete elimination of waste from the waste stream however starts with responsibility of individual people who use the materials for packaging, the consumers of the packed goods and users of other commodities that turn into wastes. The users, instead of passing the waste disposal burden to the authorities, can more effectively eliminate these wastes from the waste stream. One of the most effective ways to eliminating wastes from the waste stream is by using materials that can easily be recycled. Manufacturers can for instance eliminate wastes by producing plastics, wrappers and other commodities that can easily be recycled. Similarly, individuals can facilitate elimination of wastes by recycling materials whenever possible. Another approach towards eliminating wastes from waste stream is the reuse of materials. This approach retains the materials usefulness, meaning that the materials will not become wastes and will not be taken to the waste cycle (Zbore, p. 1). Zbore, Tammy. (2011). ‘Making it go â€Å"away†- waste reduction strategies for cities.’ National League of Cities. Available from: http://citiesspeak.org/2011/04/19/making-it-go-%E2%80%9Caway%E2%80%9D-%E2%80%93-waste-reduction-strategies-for-cities/. [Accessed on 30 March

Nursing research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Nursing research - Essay Example In line with this, the objectives of the study were to investigate whether staffing predicted nursing teamwork and determine the relationship between the levels of staffing and the subscales teamwork. Hence, the study focused on two research questions that were based on the research objectives. The first question asked, â€Å"Does the level of staffing predict nursing teamwork?† Conversely, the second question asked, â€Å"Does the level of staffing predict subscales of teamwork† (Kalisch & Lee, 2011, p.83). Based on the research study, the hypothesis was that in instances when the unit level case mix index (CMI) and the size of the healthcare facility were controlled, the levels of staffing had an effect on the levels of teamwork. In addition, the researchers also hypothesized that the size of the hospital affected teamwork exhibited by the staff members (Kalisch & Lee, 2011). Independent variable An independent variable in a research study is the factor that causes ch ange or an effect on another variable, which in most cases is change on the dependent variable in the research study (Polit & Beck, 2004). In this research study, staffing is the independent variable in the study since the levels of staffing in an organization affected the outcome in terms of teamwork. In this case, it is evident from the research findings that hospitals with high staffing levels experienced high levels of teamwork. On the other hand, since big hospitals have high staffing levels, they experienced high levels of teamwork. Dependent variable The dependent variable in a research study is the variable that may be changed or influenced by the independent variable (Polit & Beck, 2004). In line with this, the dependent variable of the research study by Kalisch and Lee (2011) is the level of teamwork in a hospital, which is a result of the staffing levels in the hospital. Research variables In a research study, research variables are concepts in a study, and these are conc epts that vary as the name suggests (Polit & Beck, 2004). One concept, or research variable in this study, is the skills mix among nurses, which affect the level of teamwork in nurses and vary from one hospital to another hospital. On the other hand, the size of the hospital is another research variable since all hospitals are not equal in size. In fact, this research study identifies the importance of the size of the hospitals remaining controlled. Research attributes and demographic variables Research attributes and demographic variables are the characteristics of the subjects in the study (Polit & Beck, 2004). In this regard, the research attributes and the demographic variables in this study are the age and professional qualifications of the research subjects. In this case, the age of the nurses is essential in evaluating their skills mix, which influences the teamwork of the nurses in a hospital. On the other hand, it is essential to point out that the professional qualificatio ns of the nurses play a crucial role in the skills of the nurses. In this case, the professional qualifications of nurses classify the nurses in the study as those who possessed a degree or a higher qualification, and those who did not hold a degree. In effect, these qualifications provide nurses with skills that contribute to trust among nurses, team orientation, and team leadership with these factors affecting the levels of teamwor

Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now - Essay Example Both the works tend to depict the way civilization finds itself alienated in the wilderness. In broad terms, the main similarity between the works is seen in the way the so-called civilized people have got an uncivilized primitive in them that comes out when they reach the wilderness even for a short period of time. For example, in the Heart of Darkness, Marlow first sees the shores of Africa with a sense of fear and dislike. As Marlow travels into the jungle, he develops the feeling that he was getting savage. Thus, as Kesselring states, one gets the idea that the man still possesses the primordial urge to be the same barbaric humans of the jungle; for example, Marlow describes a Kurtz who is free from any restraints, and who unleashes his primordial urge to kill and to enjoy total freedom. There Marlow sees a large number of heads displayed on posts that shows the kind of primitive life Kurtz lived (24-25). Here, it is worth trying to identify the reason behind the madness of both the Kurtz, and there comes the startling realization that it is the result of their inability to come into terms with the native culture and lifestyle. For example, in the movie, one can see a Kurtz telling Willard about the Special Forces going into the village inoculating the children for polio, followed by the visit of communists who cut children’s inoculated hands off. This basic and barbaric wilderness makes Kurtz insane, and soon, he becomes a savage himself. In total, one can say that in both the cases, there is the tendency to show that the European-African and American-Vietnam conflicts symbolize the conflict between the civilized and the savage. In both the cases, there is the realization that civilization is the result of the complex web of rules, regulations and codes of conduct that the modern societies have developed. In addition is the acceptance that there is a savage in every civilized human being. Thirdly, in